Welcome to another edition of History Tidbits for June 18!

1178 Five monks at Canterbury report explosion on moon (only known observation)

1682 William Penn founds Philadelphia, US

1778 British Redcoats evacuate Philadelphia

1798 Adams passes the Naturalization Act, the first of four Alien and Sedition Acts. This raised the requirements for aliens to apply for U.S. citizenship, requiring that immigrants reside in the U.S. for 14 years before becoming eligible. http://tinyurl.com/ldcpwp4

1812 War of 1812 begins as US declares war against Britain

1815 Battle of Waterloo; Napoleon and France defeated by British forces under Wellington and Prussian troops under Blucher http://tinyurl.com/25g25hu

1872 Woman’s Suffrage Convention held at Merchantile Liberty Hall. See the report of this convention at the Library of Congress: https://www.loc.gov/resource/rbnawsa.n4547/?st=gallery

1873 Susan B. Anthony fined $100 for voting for President

1879 W H Richardson, a black inventor, patents the children’s carriage

1892 Macadamia nuts first planted in Hawaii

1898 First amusement pier opens in Atlantic City, NJ

1903 First transcontinental auto trip begins in San Francisco; arrives in New York 3-months later

1912 The Chicago national Republican Convention splits between President Taft and Theodore Roosevelt; after Taft is nominated, Roosevelt and progressive elements of the Party form the Progressive Party (also known as the ‘Bull Moose Party’)

1923 Checker Cab produces first taxi at Kalamazoo factory

1928 American aviator Amelia Earhart becomes the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean landing at Burry Port, Wales

1930 Groundbreaking ceremonies for the Franklin Institute held https://www.fi.edu/ “The Institute is proud to welcome all who are curious, and to continue Benjamin Franklin’s legacy of lifelong learning, as we have done since 1824.”

1934 US Highway planning surveys nationwide authorized

1936 First bicycle traffic court in America established, Racine, WI

1940 Winston Churchill’s “this was their finest hour” speech urging perseverance during Battle of Britain delivered to British House of Commons

1941 Joe Louis KOs Billy Conn in 13 for heavyweight boxing title

1941 Turkey signs peace treaty with nazi-Germany

1942 Bernard W Robinson, becomes first black ensign in US Navy

1942 Eric Nessler of France stays aloft in a glider for 38h21m

1944 German submarine U-767 sunk by English Navy destroyers in the English Channel

1948 American Library Association adopts Library Bill of Rights What are they, you ask? We have the answer… http://tinyurl.com/yazu2yzg

1948 National Security Council authorizes covert operations for first time

1948 UN Commission on Human Rights adopts the International Declaration of Human Rights

1953 Egypt proclaimed a republic, General Neguib becomes president

1956 Last of foreign troops leaves Egypt as British leave Suez Canal

1959 First telecast transmitted from England to US

1959 Governor of Louisiana Earl K. Long (Brother to Huey Long) is committed to a state mental hospital; he responds by having the hospital’s director fired and replaced with a crony who proceeds to proclaim him perfectly sane. Alrighty then…

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qy8ImPFWZRA

1961 CBS radio cancels Gunsmoke

1963 3,000 blacks boycott Boston public schools. “Instead of attending their schools, the students spent the day at so-called “freedom schools,” which were set up in churches and community centers around Boston. There, they had lessons in African-American history, the civil rights movement and non-violent resistance.” http://tinyurl.com/y94ssp7q … and a small leap toward Congressional “Teach-Ins.”

1967 Monterey International Pop Festival reaches its climax. As a forerunner by 2 years to Woodstock, Monterey intrduced relatively unknowns Hendrix, Joplin, the Who, and the Grateful Dead. Monterey also became the template for rock festivals to follow. *** http://tinyurl.com/yccmtrts

1968 Supreme Court bans racial discrimination in sale & rental of housing

1972 US Supreme Court, 5-3, confirms lower court rulings in Curt Flood case, upholding baseball’s exemption from antitrust laws

1972 Mysterious crash at Heathrow – Trident jetliner crashes after takeoff from Heathrow Airport in London, killing 118 people. The official cause of this accident remains unknown, but it may have happened simply because the plane was carrying too much weight.

1973 Soviet General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev visits the US and President Nixon

1973 NCAA makes urine testing mandatory for participants

1975 NBC News & Information Service (24 hr news) premieres on radio

1976 A Joseph William Turner watercolor auctioned for £340,000

1977 Sex Pistols Johnny Rotten & Paul Cook, beaten & robbed by London pub

1979 US President Carter & Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev sign the SALT-II agreement dealing with limitations and guidelines for nuclear weapons. The treaty, which never formally went into effect, proved to be one of the most controversial U.S.-Soviet agreements of the Cold War. http://tinyurl.com/nkl72dc

1977 Billy Martin & Reggie Jackson get into a dug out altercation

1979 Billy Martin becomes Yankee manager (2nd time), replacing Bob Lemon

1981 Supreme Court Justice Potter Stewart retires (replaced by Sandra Day O’Connor, first woman on US Supreme Court)

1981 Vaccine to prevent hoof & mouth disease announced

1981 The AIDS epidemic is formally recognized by medical professionals in San Francisco, California

1982 Voting Rights Act of 1965 extended by Senate by 85-8 vote, signed by President Reagan. Reagan’s Signing Remarks: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=42688

1983 7th Shuttle Mission-Challenger 2 launches Sally Ride as first US woman in spacev

1986 De Havilland Twin Otter & Bell 206 helicopter collide while taking sight-seers on Grand Canyon Tours, kills 25 http://articles.latimes.com/1986-06-19/news/mn-12035_1_twin-engine-plane

1987 Charles Glass, ABC journalist, kidnapped in Lebanon

1988 Jeff Hamilton, hits 8,000th Dodger home run

1990 First sudden death US Open Golf Championship is won by Hale Irwin

1991 Boris Yeltsin, President of Russia, arrives in US

1996 Ted Kaczynski, the Unabomber [ http://tinyurl.com/yav2bcgd ], is indicted on ten criminal counts. Between 1978 and 1995 Kaczynski killed three people and started a bombing campaign against modern technology and people involved in it. He advocated a nature-centered form of anarchism in his Manifesto: ” Industrial Society and Its Future” http://tinyurl.com/ntwno5h

2003 Google launches AdSense, a program that enables website publishers to serve ads targeted to the specific content of their individual web pages, many of which like HistoryOrb.com go on to start their own publishing businesses

2005 David Tennant’s first appearance as the Tenth Doctor in BBC “Doctor Who” episode “The Parting of the Ways”

2012 15 people are killed and 40 injured in a suicide attack in Baquba, Iraq

2013 31 people are killed and 60 are injured by two suicide bombings in al-Qahira, Baghdad

2013 27 people are killed and 30 are injured by a suicide bomb in Sher Garh, Pakistan

2013 Russia passes a law banning foreign same-sex couples from adopting children

2014 Ian McKellen is awarded an honorary degree by Cambridge University, becoming a Doctor of Letters

2015 Pope Francis blames human selfishness for global warming in his encyclical, named “Laudato Si (Be Praised), On the Care of Our Common Home”

Bonus Video: Monterey Pop Festival: Mamas & Papas – “California Dreamin'”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OoAeSyWoUCg